Techniques used for Laser Welding

Techniques used for Laser Welding

1- Contour Welding

In contour welding, a laser is guided along a predetermined welding pattern. The material only melts on the path that the laser is directed. Relative motion is achieved by moving the laser source, the part or a combination of both.

2-Simultaneous Welding

In this technique, a laser will heat the entire weld area simultaneously. Almost any beam geometry can be generated by means of a special, state-of-the-art beam shaping elements. Parts, up to an area that equals 2.000" diameter, can be welded using this method.

3-Radial Welding

A unique welding method for bonding cylindrical components where by a mirror deflects the laser beam such that it impinges radially on the outside symmetrical surface of the component. The designed tight fit between the parts that are to be joined ensures the clamping pressure required fo r laser welding to be successful is incorporated.

3-Patented Hybrid Welding

Hybrid welding combines laser energy with infrared thermal radiation from conventional halogen lamps. This increases the welding speed weather the weld path is in two or three ­ dimensions. The main application for this technology is structural components in the automotive sector, such as: automotive lighting and motor assemblies.

4-Patented Laser Hot Riveting

Laser hot riveting combines riveting technology with laser plastic welding. A positively locked joint between two components is created using this method. The riveting tool does not come into contact with the plasticized material. This provides a clean process. Laser hot riveting can be used to join components which cannot be welded directly – for instance, fixing PCBs to plastic housings.

5-Mask Welding

With this patented technique, a mask is inserted between the laser source and parts to be welded. A curtain laser beam is moved across the entire joining area of the parts. The laser beam welds only where the components are not covered by the mask. The mask welding method makes it possible to weld extremely delicate weld areas.

Typical Applications: medical micro-fluidic devices and electronic components.

6-Globe Welding

Globe welding works along the lines of Contour welding. A laser beam is focused at a point on the joining plane via an air bearing, frictionless, free rotating glass sphere. The glass sphere not only focuses the laser beam; it also serves as the mechanical clamping tool. While the sphere rolls on the components, it applies continuous pressure at a point on the joining plane. The glass sphere replaces the mechanical clamping device and expands the scope of laser welding for both continuous and three-dimensional applications.

Typical Applications: automotive taillights, apparel  

                                                                                            Muhammad Umair Akram
                                                                                            Third Year
                                                                                            Director M&MR (SME-NED)

Read More

Laser Plastic Welding

Laser Plastic Welding

Laser welding process is epically used for the plastics. Lasers are becoming increasingly popular for joining two components together because the technique is fast, reliable and inexpensive. Transparent and Absorbent Thermoplastics Laser welding relies on two types of polymers, transparent or absorbent. Most thermoplastics in their natural state are transparent at typical laser wavelengths. Additives, such as carbon, in the plastic change the properties so that they become absorbent. The absorbing surface converts the laser energy into heat. In the transmission laser welding technique, a material transparent to the laser wavelength lies on top of an absorbent material. A clamping tool presses together the parts to be joined. The laser beam penetrates through the transparent component with minor energy loss and melts the surface of the absorbing material. Heat transfers through conduction to plasticize the adjacent surface of the transparent material. This process is precisely controlled and continuously monitored during laser welding to ensure a repeatable quality weld. After re solidification, the two parts at the joint have been reliably and cohesively bonded. A defined pressure joins the materials together during the laser welding process. It is therefore essential that the technology works with complete reliability. Uniform clamping is vital for high process quality. Pressing the parts together is crucial for effective thermal transfer.

Advantages of laser welding

• No particulate is generated
• Vibration-free process
• Hermetic seals are achievable
• No wear on the tooling
• Optically perfect weld joint area
• High-precision
• Simple joint geometry        

                                                                                                    Muhammad Umair Akram
                                                                                                    Third Year (IM-079)
                                                                                                    Director M&MR (SME-NED)

Read More

Function of Drum Gear in a bike

Function of Drum Gear in a Bike

Motorcycle transmissions are made up of gears in constant mesh. Because of this, there are no syncros to speed up the gears. The gears are already spinning. To change between gears you need some kind of gear shifter mechanism to go along with that gear shift lever.

Gear shifters come in three different types.

1.      Drum Shifters

·         Drum Slider Forks

·         Shaft Slider forks

2.       Cam Plate and Shift Quadrant Shifter

3.       Ball Lock Shifter

In a motorcycle, instead of moving a lever back and forth with your hand (as in a car), you move a lever up and down with your foot. These motions are rotating a ratcheting drum.

There are grooves cut into the drum. These grooves can do one of two things:

·         If the drum is located away from the transmission's gears, the grooves control standard control rods.

·         If the drum is located next to the gears, the grooves directly move the gear selector fork, and no control rods are needed. This seems to be the more common technique because it has fewer parts and is more compact.

So, when you move the lever, it rotates the drum one increment (for example, 50 degrees). This rotation causes the rods or forks to move according to the grooves in the drum, changing the gears.

Because of the drum, you have to shift in sequence. There is no skipping, for example, from first gear to third. You must always go through second gear to get to third gear. It is the same when downshifting. The advantage of this system is that shifting mistakes are impossible. You always go to the next gear.

                                                                                         Wajahat Jamil

                                                                                         Third Year (IM-115)

                                                                                         2012-2013

Read More

DIGITAL MARKETING / SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING

                DIGITAL MARKETING / SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING

Social Media marketing is a type of digital marketing which. Involves the use of social networking sites (e.g. twitter, Facebook, Myspace) to promote a product or service in cheap and effective way. It results in earned media which doesn't involve the use of advertisement for promotion and hence provides a cheap alternative. The easiest way to. Promote or market a product on social networking sites is to share the content (blog, articles) through different pages and groups within the social networking sites. You can also tag someone in a specific article or blog. Different Social networking sites have different procedures to promote a product but the main idea is the same i.e. to increase web traffic on social sites. It has become an important tool for people to through their message to their targeted markets and to increase customer interaction.

The most common social networking sites for marketing are Facebook and twitter. Facebook allows the user to create a fan page or a group to publicize the product and spread awareness about it around the universe which would effective and efficient. Twitter allows its user to make 140 character posts which others can follow. Twitter also offers a wide range of customer interaction. YouTube is yet another social site which can enhance customer interaction. It involves uploading videos and podcasts which can be viewed by millions of people around the world. An excellent example of social media marketing was Microsoft’s response to the “I’m a Mac” commercials. Rather than face Apple head on through commercials, Microsoft engaged in a viral “I’m a PC”Marketing campaign that centered on customers uploading their own I’m a PC video responses. There are also sites which can be used for specified products such as musician can promote their music through Last.FM/ Myspace or a movie can be promoted through Flixster

According to Hub spot, 92% of marketers in 2014 claimed that social media marketing was important for their business and according to Social Media Examiner, 97% of marketers are currently participating in social media. One of the most important benefits of social media marketing is the increased brand recognition for e.g. a Facebook user might hear about your company after stumbling it upon in a news feed. Cost is yet another main advantage as the access to the profiles on networking sites is free of cost and one can post information any time. A study published by Convince Convert found that 53% of Americans who follow brands in social media are more loyal to those brands so marketing through social media can influence a customer to be more brand loyal as well.

In short a cost effective, dynamic and quick way to introduce/promote/market a product is through social networking sites.

                                                                                                                                                                      Ibrahim Imtiaz

                                                                                                                                                      Third Year (IM-033)

                                                                                                                                                       2012-2013

                                                                                                                                                                          

Read More

What is Industrial Engineering?

Industrial Engineering is a profession that, deals with all those studies/techniques that are used for not only improving the existing work methods but also is to develop the efficient procedures to done a job. The IE/work study approach employs specialists working as individuals which is contrary to worker- group orientation of QC circles. The one and only objective of the IE is to improve effectively the existing work methods, it is the objective for which they are paid off.

Industrial Engineering is highly esteemed in Japanese industry. In the TOYOTA family of companies IE degrees are pursued and attained by many foremen. In those companies who are fully conscious about the abilities of IE they do not bound them on a desk of table of calculations or etc. (as does happen in western industries). It is only because IE is the right-hand man of foremen. He is also an active resource person of the QC circles and of other similar activities.  Due to the variety of job handling activities IE’s are frequently called in to help with process design engineering, tooling improvement, time studies, logistics control, sales & marketing (at supplier end).

Yet now there is a lot of gap present which is to be fill up in this field of engineering. Currently in Pakistan no university is providing an individual bachelors degree of IE. Industrial engineers are developed along with other disciplines of Engineering such as along with, Manufacturing, Electronics, Management, and Chemical.


                                                                                                            Muhammad Umair Akram
                                                                                                            Third Year  
                                                                                                            Director M&MR (SME-NED)

Read More